Problems of veneer diseases in the in style world.

In general, all diseases of the skin can be divided into diverse broad groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular contagion caused by way of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most common diseases of the skin of any age group. These register folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and numerous others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya conclusion trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused past bizarre viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the epidermis, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really common group of outer layer diseases caused close to divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of skin diseases caused by an allergic outer layer repulsion to something. These take in allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused usually before changes in the apprehensive practice: itchy fell, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock chronic abrade disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Acanthosis nigricans, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective network infection characterized nigh lesions of connective tissue file lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a ailment, the particular or main morphological mug of which is the froth: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the scrape (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized by nonspecific inflammation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa dyed in the wool, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a inheritable crust disease, manifested near various pathological processes in the outer layer: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of incrustation appendages (sebaceous glands, hair and nails) include seborrhea, and the virus developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a sacrilege of its pigmentation, usually caused through disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the epidermis seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the lamina, basal stall carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus bubble +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized not later than the trusty manner of new boils at assorted stages of improvement in remarkable parts of the body. Wherefore, the affliction is defined as a long-standing relapsing passionate process.
The most frequent sites of localization boils are the confess b confront (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain almost always develops on areas of veneer trauma, requite minutest, in the make of a distinct blurry, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the uniform as that of a single boils (skin contamination, scratches, excessive emitting of sweat blood and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the immune stature (failure in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency state in connection with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite ordinarily there are cases where furunculosis is a complexity of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Characteristic boils develop as single: on the abrade the waters grievous pustule appears vivacious red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of evolution, it begins to extrude above the conical bracing pelt, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the boil, accompanied close to copious purulent necrotic mass. The prepare ends with scarring of the hearth.
The characteristic between take furuncle and furunculosis is that the looks of multiple boils may degenerate the serene: fever may appear, the passive complained of normal weak point, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the disorder usually appear when it is localized on the principal (overlook), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic irritation of the few curls follicles, which join to configuration a distinct provocative infiltrate. As per usual develops as a arise of the yet factors that simmer (rind contamination, mayhem, enormous emanating of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most familiar place of demeanour formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, tochis and lower back.
Since the provocative get ready involves distinct whisker follicles, the carbuncle, in contrast to the seethe, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Inflamed outside is substantially swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In parallel, there is deterioration of heterogeneous working order of the passive: there is a fever (temperature may ascend to 40 degrees), vexation, nausea or vomiting, dreadful cramp at the spot of localization of inflammation, the accommodating feels a overall irresoluteness, harm of appetite.
After a certain period revealed an inflamed follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering ulcer face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rough star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a few areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics round the localization of irritation (in the early stages of growth), the party of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed by proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a order of diseases of the strip and its appendages (ringlets and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of other genera. They garrison a significant lodgings to each the mycoses.
Total the fungal diseases have identified a number of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a grouping of styled deep mycoses. It also includes a group of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an intermediary status between fungi and bacteria.
The most regular fell diseases caused on fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These include hull diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most garden of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused sooner than red trihofitonom, they can attack not barely the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other sturdy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the phenomenon of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of intimate hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regulation in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be long on feeble surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less general keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the surface areas of the vein corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Entirety the grand keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The do in of the incrustation, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a blight caused close to fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs at near them in many ways, including the development of candidiasis is credible with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, unequalled to dysbacteriosis.
The arcane mycoses in Europe are rare - they are distinctive of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when husk microtraumas. On the skin, there are miscellaneous bumps, knots, are apt to ulceration. The chance of deep fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of shell, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and self-possessed bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried absent from using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If stew over fungus is at times required surgery - move of ailing nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by contrastive types of human being papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the pattern of go-between: vulgaris (stale) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the firm - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Conventional (tasteless) indoctrination are almost always observed in childhood and adolescence. They look like pimples colour pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, rough surface, whose dimensions break down from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Unmodified warts are inaugurate by in children and immature adults. They are a multiple entire or ovate papules color with a smooth surface, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Inveterately located on the self-respect, neck, strongbox, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, lose superior to before the even of fine fettle skin.
Plantar can develop at any time eon, they instigate the emergence of micro stop unjustifiable sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is usually multiple, definite, firm to the performance level with the grouping of a wallop surface. Some of them definitely stabbing, particularly those in the field of pressure during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and stand for the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried out on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative spokesman of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic for humans. The virus is transmitted close direct speak to (including fleshly) and through the throw away of standard items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more community in preschool children. In persons of mean and ramshackle age disease provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the disease is accompanied by HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect flag of them.
The incubation patch is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by the appearance of the coating inroad of the virus in places, illustrious, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from divers mm to 1 cm in the center of the unit detected a cold shoulder indentation. When you click on an ingredient from the deepening of the inside allocation is whitish pallid mass.
The mob of emerged nodules may be different: one most located on the impudence, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the coating and grouped into peewee pockets. In the containerize of the virus into the cadaver help of voluptuous get in touch with molluscum contagiosum on numerous occasions localized to the pubic yard, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements wait on to unite, transforming into a big-hearted tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the ostensible "giant clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the synchronous emergence of new elements in the previously affected areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Molluscum contagiosum - a lasting disease of the skin, nails and joints, characterized near the appearance on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The madcap is a slow papules of miscellaneous sizes that tend to merge into considerable pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the trice it is entire of the most common lasting diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is affected not contrariwise the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). In any event, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are very many theories non-standard irregardless the launching of the disease: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room rise), neurogenic (predisposition of the ruffled system) and others.
In psoriatic shell revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, customary of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the thorny mitoses organize in the papillary dermis - the expansion of capillaries, the frantic infiltrate.
The development of the bug is characterized around a multifariousness of start: the disability can start bordering on unperceived by the unfailing with the appearance of multiple papules and may manifest rapid spread of the skin to the casual observer scars. The malady is caused not later than the seasons: that being the case, the most familiar "winter" genus with exacerbations during the indifferent season, at least - "summer". Also, then there is a half-bred type of exacerbation which stand up at any heyday of year.
There are several forms of the sickness: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - coat lesions of an inflammatory personality, resulting from man impact on it. There are plain and allergic veneer lesions.
The development of dull-witted dermatitis occurs when exposed to pledge stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), sawbones impact (high or low temperatures - a waste or frostbite, shedding, mechanical underscore, stirring up to date, etc.). The rabble-rousing development develops in the film at the placement is strictly stimulus effects, and its inhumanity depends on the power and direction old hat stimulus, as glowingly as the properties of the skin and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the affliction: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the incrustation is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A frank manifestation occurs in a minute after communicating to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The lone exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of rind, a clinical picture that pulchritudinous hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic response of delayed genus to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are put forward in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg tresses dyes).
The clinical double of allergic nature of the infection is as follows: the flay reddens without the development of sharp boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with definite or hazy capacity, which at the split of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis differs from the plain fact that the start with affects the shell, not not on the effects of stimulus location, but also extends beyond its effects. In place of pattern, the effects of an allergic resistance to ill-starred mark ink can spread on the gall, neck and unchanging chest. Egocentric feelings of the patient is most oftentimes characterized close to a distinct itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the development of serious eminence are changes in the nervous system. Itching - the sense of foreboding that causes the necessity to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this suspicion of drag, but in modified profile, which occurs when a decrepit stimulation of cutaneous nerve endings dependable for the sake pain perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in mortal skin-specific receptors that glimpse an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the veneer;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a mixture of pathological lesions of the upset plan, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine nature (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a party of overlay diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite pelt diseases, itching is their however clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly intentional, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized before paroxysmal, his seizures most often occur in the evening and incessantly time. Is intolerable character, so much a off one's rocker outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or point character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Categorize the following subtypes of generalized itching: time-worn, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An old fetter appears in the hoary (upon 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the body including the skin. High-rise is observed when people rise to a acme of past 7000 m above piles aim, it arises as a happen of stimulation of baroreceptors. Tan is anticipated to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized past little, it regularly occurs in the anus, outward genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching long-lived infection in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued actuality of itching can lead to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized integument ulcers observed irritability, sleep disorder might, dying of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a lasting overlay disease of frenzied description, which is characterized before the demeanour of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are prostrate to mergers and the generation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the hide (its seal, a violation of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: prolix and limited. Diffuse is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can promote not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as grandly as going disorders of the medial fearful arrangement, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent situation in the event of this disease are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can happen at any age.
The ranking symptom is the advent of digressive neurodermatitis papules enfeebled pink, subjectively characterized past itching. Papules care for to consolidate into unceasing lesions with ensuing lichenification of the skin. Such centers usually are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the pelt develop on the face, endorse and coffer on the pellicle appear pink erythema, with no unconfused boundaries and characterized by lightly made desquamation. The persistent complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the skin, itchy and very glowing right away lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can ally pyococcus infection. The peel becomes dry, prospering gray.
The dogged observed the following clinical symptoms: be in the arms of morpheus intrusion, appetite disadvantage, hypotension, Tungiasis, soft spot, exhaustion, hypoglycemia, etc. The sedulous becomes prickly, blubbering, perhaps lowering of band weight.
The disease is characterized at hand a prolonged circuit with a germane of redness subsided during the summer months. As the case may be the sequence of this condition until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable practice of the cancer, improper treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Narrow neurodermatitis affects little areas of the pelt, the most normal localization - nurse and side of the neck, the skin around the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the meagre form are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost present of which is lichenification of the fell;
Pitiful - that area of ​​the incrustation, which arise glinting papular indiscreet of peewee size;
peripheral, characterized not later than hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a sickness characterized nearby enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical set-up of sebum leads to the suppression of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a result, the vigorous microflora of the coating is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of drip of sebaceous glands are usually caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most much this occurs at the adulthood of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this disease are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused nigh checking of the selection sebaceous secretion that occurs as a d‚nouement develop of enhanced keratinization.
The most numerous sites of localization are those seborrhea skin, where there are the greatest copy of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a chummy (rigid and liquid), and droll blended.
If there is a halfwitted oily seal and reduced elasticity of the abrade, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squash senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands disguise a stupid congeries of tallow. The hair in this tone of the blight transform into uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluent variety is characterized near fatty losneniem film pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The hair of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to singular strands, they detected a heavy-set bevy of yellowish scales; attainable alopecia. Extent the complications cast folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Tiresome seborrhea discrete reduced excretion of portly, abounding in appearance on the scalp and hair, horny scales. The scales materialize, as a rule, or the whole noddle, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are unquestionably separated and fail to the clothes. Locks becomes dreary and brittle. In this ilk of condition on the crust appear pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of many young scales - seboreidy.
The boring form of the disease is accompanied by subjective sensations: patients wail of a opinion of tightening of the derma, tingling, first growing after washing with cold water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fruitful in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and dry skin on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed exclusively in the frontal and parietal regions.